Adenovirus (Ad) was first isolated and named by W. P. ROWE et al. from human adenoids. It is a linear double-stranded DNA virus with a diameter of 70-100nm and no envelope, and a genome size of about 36kb. There are more than 50 known human adenovirus serotypes. Among them, the vector based on human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) is widely used. Its characteristic is that the E1 and E3 genes are artificially deleted, causing the adenovirus to lose its replication ability and reduce immunogenicity to a certain extent, making Ad5 a widespread, safe and effective gene transport vector.
Adenovirus advantages:
1. Wide host range: often used to infect difficult-to-infect cells, not only ordinary cell lines, but also suspension cells, primary cells, etc., as well as proliferating cells and non-proliferating cells;
2. High infection efficiency: the virus titer can be as high as 1011PFU/mL, which can effectively proliferate and is suitable for gene therapy;
3. Large vector capacity: up to 8kb of exogenous DNA can be accommodated;
4. Fast expression: after infecting cells, it can be expressed in 1~2 days, which is the best choice for studying gene expression in primary cells and suspension cells;
5. Low pathogenicity and high safety: the genome carried by AdV is not integrated into the chromosomes of host cells and does not interfere with other host genes.
Application prospects:
1. Gene therapy: adenovirus vectors can be used to treat a variety of genetic diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, hereditary retinal diseases, etc. By successfully delivering therapeutic genes to patient cells, the function of normal genes can be restored or enhanced, thereby treating related diseases.
2. Vaccine development: adenovirus vectors play an important role in vaccine development. By inserting the target antigen gene into the adenovirus vector, the immune system can be effectively activated to produce antigen-specific immune responses, thereby achieving effective prevention and control of vaccines.
3. Gene function research: Adenovirus vectors can be used to study the function and regulatory mechanism of genes. By inserting exogenous genes or interfering RNA into adenovirus vectors, high gene expression or silencing can be achieved in specific cells, thereby studying their specific functions in the body.
4. Tumor treatment: Adenovirus vectors also have potential for application in tumor treatment. By introducing anti-tumor genes or other related therapeutic genes into adenovirus vectors and delivering them to tumor cells, local treatment of tumors can be achieved and the treatment effect can be improved.
References
1. Cody S. Lee, Elliot S. Bishop, Ruyi Zhang, Xinyi Yu, Evan M. Farina, Shujuan Yan, Chen Zhao, Zongyue Zeng, Yi Shu, Xingye Wu, Jiayan Lei, Yasha Li, Wenwen Zhang, Chao Yang, Ke Wu, Ying Wu, Sherwin Ho, Aravind Athiviraham, Michael J. Lee, Jennifer Moriatis Wolf, Russell R. Reid, Tong-Chuan He, Adenovirus-mediated gene delivery: Potential applications for gene and cell-based therapies in the new era of personalized medicine,Genes & Diseases, Volume 4, Issue 2, 2017, Pages 43-63
2. Fuminori Sakurai, Masashi Tachibana, Hiroyuki Mizuguchi, Adenovirus vector-based vaccine for infectious diseases, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Volume 42, 2022, 100432
3. https://resources.amsbio.com/Catalog/Viral%20Delivery%20systems%200522.pdf